India and the United States have agreed to strengthen cooperation in counter-terrorism with President Barack Obama asking Pakistan to deal "effectively" with extremist organisations operating from there. In a joint statement issued after the Summit level talks between President Barack Obama and Dr. Manmohan Singh, the two leaders acknowledged the common threat that international terrorism poses to regional and global security. They condemned terrorism in all its forms and manifestations and declared that there could be no justification for terrorism anywhere. One the eve of the first anniversary of Mumbai terror attacks, President Obama reiterated the United States condemnation of the last year’s Mumbai attack. The two leaders underscored the absolute imperative to bring to justice the perpetrators of this terrorist attack.AIR Correspondents covering the PM ‘s US visit report that apart from signing an MoU on counter-terrorism, the two countries signed five other pacts as they ventured to chart their ties as "one of the defining relations" in the 21st century in which India will have a leadership role in the region and the world.Besides the Memorandum of Understanding on 'Advancing Global Security and Countering Terrorism', the two sides signed pacts covering education and development, health cooperation, economic trade and agriculture, and green partnerships. They affirmed their commitment to work together to prevent the spread of Weapons of Mass Destruction – and missile-related technology and to realize their shared vision of a world free of nuclear weapons. While India reaffirmed its unilateral and voluntary moratorium on nuclear explosive testing, the United States reaffirmed its testing moratorium and its commitment to ratify the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty and bring it into force at an early date. With an aim of enhancing US-India cooperation on education and development, the two sides launched the Singh-Obama 21st Century Knowledge Initiative. The two sides also launched "Green Partnership" to strengthen US-India cooperation on clean energy, climate change, and food security, reflecting their commitment to taking vigorous action to fight climate change. They also announced launch of an Indo-US Clean Energy Research and Deployment Initiative, which is supported by US and Indian government funding and private sector contributions.Both Dr. Manmohan Singh and Barack Obama expressed their grave concern about the threat posed by terrorism and violent extremists emanating from India’s neighbourhood. The two leaders agreed that resolute and credible steps must be taken to eliminate safe havens and sanctuaries that provide shelter to terrorists and their activities. The two leaders decided on a counter terrorism cooperation initiative to expand collaboration on counter terrorism, information sharing and capacity building. The two leaders reiterated their shared interest in the stability, development and independence of Afghanistan and in the defeat of terrorist havens in Pakistan and Afghanistan. President Obama appreciated India’s role in reconstruction and rebuilding efforts in Afghanistan.