World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) has called for a ban on all Russian competitors and officials at the upcoming Rio Olympics and other international sports. This follows an investigation commissioned by the agency that found state-run doping at the 2014 Sochi Winter Games and other events. The probe by Canadian law professor Richard McLaren had said that Russia's Sports Ministry had directed and controlled manipulation of urine samples provided by its athletes. WADA's Executive Committee said, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the International Paralympics Committee should decline entries of all Russian athletes. It also called for Russian officials implicated in the scandal to be sacked and denied access to international competitions including the Rio Games. IOC President Thomas Bach termed the investigation a shocking and unprecedented attack on the integrity of sports and the Olympics.