Parliament in Turkey has begun debating changes to the constitution that would shift powers away from the highly secular judiciary and army. Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan says the changes would improve democracy and help put Turkey on the path to European Union membership. But the nationalist opposition is against reforms it says would threaten the independence of the courts. The reforms, if approved, would change the way judges are appointed to the highest courts, make it harder to ban political parties, and make Turkey's military answerable to civilian courts. The governing AK Party was itself nearly shut down by the Constitutional Court two years ago. Critics accuse the party of having an Islamist agenda, and of wanting to take powers away from the secularist establishment, with which it has clashed frequently. The current constitution was brought in after the 1980 military coup.