February 28, 2019 2:52 PM | sub-Saharan Africa

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Infectious diseases could be diagnosed with smartphones in sub-Saharan Africa

<span style='font-family: "arial", "sans-serif";'>Healthcare workers in low-income countries, like those insub-Saharan Africa, could use existing smartphones to diagnose, track andcontrol infectious diseases. </span>”<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style='font-family: "arial", "sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></p>”<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style='font-family: "arial", "sans-serif";'>There are already initiatives focused on using establishedmobile technologies like text messages and calls to connect healthcare workersand patients to each other, and to test results.</span></p>”<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style='font-family: "arial", "sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></p>”<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style='font-family: "arial", "sans-serif";'>According to researchers, including those from ImperialCollege London in the UK and the University of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa,smartphones could also help enable people to test themselves, and get resultsand support in their own homes.&nbsp;</span></p>”<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style='font-family: "arial", "sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></p>”<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style='font-family: "arial", "sans-serif";'>This would make it easier for people to look after their ownhealth — particularly in rural regions, where clinics can be too far away totravel.</span></p>”<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style='font-family: "arial", "sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></p>”<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style='font-family: "arial", "sans-serif";'>The researchers further added that patients worried about apotential HIV infection might be more inclined to get tested if they could doit at home and avoid the stigma of attending a clinic.</span></p>”<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style='font-family: "arial", "sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></p>”<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style='font-family: "arial", "sans-serif";'>Many smartphones have sensors built in that could aiddiagnosis, such as a heart rate monitor and an oximeter, as well as a cameraand microphone that can be used to analyse images and sounds like a person'sbreathing.</span></p>”<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style='font-family: "arial", "sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></p>”<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style='font-family: "arial", "sans-serif";'>In addition, simple testing technologies are being developedthat can be linked into a phone, via a USB stick or wirelessly.</span></p>”<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style='font-family: "arial", "sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></p>”<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style='font-family: "arial", "sans-serif";'>In theory, a person could test themselves using an easy tocollect sample, such as a pinprick of blood, and the results would be scannedonto mobile apps.</span></p>”<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style='font-family: "arial", "sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></p>”<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style='font-family: "arial", "sans-serif";'>The apps would send the results to local clinics beforebeing uploaded to a central online database — instead of patients having toattend in person.</span></p>”<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style='font-family: "arial", "sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></p>”<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style='font-family: "arial", "sans-serif";'>Smartphones are increasingly used in sub-Saharan Africa. By2020, one in two mobile phone connections in the region will be via smartphone– a similar figure to worldwide smartphone adoption.&nbsp;</span></p>”<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style='font-family: "arial", "sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></p>”<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style='font-family: "arial", "sans-serif";'>The researchers said this presents a prime opportunity toharness the existing technology where clinics in rural areas can be scarce.</span></p>”<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style='font-family: "arial", "sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></p>”<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style='font-family: "arial", "sans-serif";'>This might help increase rates of disease testing in regionswith limited facilities.</span></p>”<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style='font-family: "arial", "sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></p>”<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style='font-family: "arial", "sans-serif";'>Combined, the test results would build a picture of symptomsacross a region to help predict and fight the current and futureoutbreaks.&nbsp;</span></p>”<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style='font-family: "arial", "sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></p>”<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style='font-family: "arial", "sans-serif";'>Smartphone penetration level, Safeguard measures&nbsp;toprotect the privacy and confidentiality of patient data, are some of thechallenges.&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p>”<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style='font-family: "arial", "sans-serif";'>&nbsp;</span></p>”<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 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