The appeal of former Chad president Hissene Habre against his life sentence for war crimes, crimes against humanity and torture began today by the Extraordinary African Chambers, marking the final stage in a landmark case pursued by victims for more than 15 years.<br/><br/>Habre's conviction was the first of a former head of state by an African court for crimes against humanity. It also was the first time a former dictator was found personally guilty of rape by an international court.<br/><br/>The Extraordinary African Chambers, created by the African Union and Senegal, found Habre guilty and sentenced him to life imprisonment in May for crimes committed during his presidency from 1982-1990.<br/><br/>Habre has said he does not recognize the court's authority, and his defense lawyers refused to appear during the trial.<br/><br/>Court-appointed lawyers, however, represented him and appealed the conviction, alleging that one of the trial court judges should not have been appointed given his background as a prosecutor, and that there were several errors of fact and law.<br/><br/>The newly appointed president of the chambers for the appeal, Judge Ougadeye Wafi, on Monday rejected the appeal against the trial court judge. He said, however, the court would allow a request by Habre to not appear during the appeal hearings.